Setting
Related music & arts
Kind of evidence
Intervention studies
Review extent
Appraisal and selected source sections checked

What was studied

Thirty-six participants worked in pairs, communicating responses to emotional images through drumming or talking while cortical activity was measured with fNIRS.

What it contributes

In 36 participants communicating emotion in dyads, drum-strike frequency and amplitude tracked arousal/valence measures, and listener right temporoparietal-junction activity was greater for drumming than talking.

Where the evidence stops

Laboratory study of 36 participants paired in dyads; fNIRS measures cortical activity only and the clinical application is prospective, not established.

About this review

The accepted research appraisal was compared with the supplied text, including bibliographic and study-design details. This production check is not a fresh audit of every table, appendix or cited study.

Bibliographic details checked against the supplied work. A linked source provides the public retrieval route.

Source note updated September 9, 2026. Read our approach to evidence.

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