Setting
Related music & arts
Kind of evidence
Survey & observational
Review extent
Selected sections reviewed

What was studied

A cross-sectional study of 70 older adults grouped by retrospectively reported instrumental activity.

What it contributes

Some nonverbal and executive measures favored participants with greater musical experience, while the pattern was not universal across outcomes.

Where the evidence stops

Retrospective activity and a one-time cognitive comparison cannot establish a slower rate of aging or determine what would happen after starting or returning to music.

About this review

This is a targeted review of selected sections. The record should not be read as an appraisal of the entire work.

Source note updated September 7, 2026. Read our approach to evidence.

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