Setting
Related music & arts
Kind of evidence
Intervention studies
Review extent
Selected sections reviewed

What was studied

A ten-week wait-list randomized study with 17 recruits and 15 participants providing pre- and post-program data.

What it contributes

Selected cognitive and motor outcomes changed, while others did not. Participants also described achievement and social aspects of the program.

Where the evidence stops

The small sample does not establish a uniform benefit. Social cohesion was not independently manipulated, and a piano program cannot stand in for a community band trial.

About this review

This is a targeted review of selected sections. The record should not be read as an appraisal of the entire work.

Source note updated September 7, 2026. Read our approach to evidence.

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