Setting
Related music & arts
Kind of evidence
Intervention studies
Review extent
Main text reviewed

What was studied

A trial of 156 retired adults aged 62–78 comparing piano practice with an active music-culture program.

What it contributes

Some quality-of-life domains favored piano after six months. A meaningful advantage in social quality of life was not established.

Where the evidence stops

Later comparisons regrouped participants by continuing activity and were no longer randomized. Several other papers report outcomes from this same trial. The study does not test community band membership.

Related research

One piano and music-culture trial, several outcomes

These papers report different outcomes or subsets from the Swiss-German trial registered as NCT03674931. Sample sizes change with the measure and follow-up. They must not be counted as five independent trials.

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About this review

The main text was reviewed for its methods, reported findings and limits. This source note is an editorial summary, not a reproduction of the work.

Source note updated September 7, 2026. Read our approach to evidence.

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