Setting
Related music & arts
Kind of evidence
Survey & observational
Review extent
Selected sections reviewed

What was studied

A German survey of 370 professional and 401 amateur orchestral musicians.

What it contributes

Self-reports draw attention to discomfort, hearing concerns and the practical use of protective measures.

Where the evidence stops

The survey did not provide audiometric diagnoses. It cannot establish that playing caused a condition or estimate the prevalence of hearing problems in a particular community band.

About this review

This is a targeted review of selected sections. The record should not be read as an appraisal of the entire work.

Source note updated September 7, 2026. Read our approach to evidence.

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